中文摘要：

与传统无线通信相比，深空通信由于传输损耗巨大、探测器能量受限且轨道多变等因素，须解决信噪比（SignaltoNoiseRatio，SNR）极低、数据接收不连续及信道参数多变等难题．针对这些问题，论述了在深空探测极低SNR下需重点研究的深空天线组阵、编码与调制、联合解调译码、喷泉码以及其自主无线电实现等关键技术，以有效协助解决上述深空通信难题．同时，讨论了这些关键技术的发展趋势及其在未来深空通信中的应用．

英文摘要：

Compared with traditional wireless communications, deep space communications are challenged with difficult problems of extremely low Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR）, high transmission delay and discontinuous reception of data which are mainly caused by large transmission loss, limited energy and changeful trajectory of the space probe, etc. Faced with these problems, the researches on several key techniques at extremely low SNR in deep space communications are summarized. The techniques include deep space antenna arrays, coding and modulation, joint demodulation and decoding, fountain coding and the autonomous radio and so on to help solve the above problems. Finally, the development trends and related applications of them are prospected.