中文摘要：

近年来，国内山岭隧道塌方事故频发，造成了惨重的人员伤亡和巨大的设备损失，如何通过现场监测实时掌控围岩稳定性并进行安全预警已成为当前山岭隧道修建的关键难题之一。依托围岩塌方风险较高的大狮子隧道（宁波地区最长的公路隧道），阐明了隧道内围岩远程在线遥测技术的信号采集、传输与后台处理原理，基于现场监测组网的总线理论（FCS）和分组无线传输技术（GPRS），提出了一种新型隧道远程在线遥测系统构架方式。该系统构架采用洞内有线＋无线的组网方案，包括监测数据的采集传输、管理分析、远程接收子系统3个部分。运用该系统对大狮子隧道围岩变形、锚杆应力、围岩与钢拱架之间喷层压应力开展了全天候实时高频监测，并采用服务器＋客户端模式，实现了采集数据远程同步高速传输与多单位实时监控。通过分析高频采集数据后获得的监测量时程曲线（变形、应力、压力），发现大狮子隧道的围岩变形在整体变化趋势上呈现出一种台阶式的波动增长变化规律，受爆破开挖影响后变形值产生突变；同时围岩变形与喷层压力值受后续隧道开挖扰动的波动影响较大，但总体变化趋势上基本经历了前期快速变化-中期缓慢变化-后期逐步稳定3个阶段。通过对隧道近一年的远程在线监测表明，其技术可完全实现地下工程围岩稳定性的远程遥测和无人值守预警，具有良好的应用前景。

英文摘要：

In recent years, the mountain tunnel collapse accidents occur frequently in China, which results in heavy casualties and huge property damage. Hence, the real-time field monitoring of surrounding rock stability and the early safety warning have become one of the key issues in current mountain tunnel constructions. Firstly, this paper clarified all the relating concepts of the remote online monitoring technology, including its signal collection, transmission and background processing principle, focus control system （FCS） and general packet radio service （GPRS）. Then, a new type of tunnel remote telemetry system was proposed. The system adopted the wired and wireless networking schemes in the tunnels, including the signal collection and transmission subsystem, the management analysis subsystem and the remote receiving subsystem. Finally, the system was applied to Dashizi tunnel with the high-risk collapse, the longest road tunnel in Ningbo. All-weather real-time high-frequency monitoring was recorded, including the deformation of surrounding rock, the stress of bolts, and the shotcrete stress between surrounding rock and steel arch. In addition, server ＋ client mode was employed to achieve a high-speed transmission of remote data and multi-unit real-time monitoring. The obtained time-history curves （i.e., deformation, stress and pressure） were analyzed. It indicates that the deformation of surrounding rock of Dashizi tunnel shows a change of the step-like fluctuation and exhibits a mutation after blasting excavation. Meanwhile, it is found that the deformation of surrounding rock and the pressure of the shotcrete layer are greatly affected by the tunnel excavation disturbance. However, the overall trend of change basically undergoes rapid change at the early stage, a slow change at the middle stage and the gradual stability at the late stage. Through the remote online monitoring of the tunnel for nearly one year, it shows that the technology can realize the long-range telemetry and unattended warning