中文摘要：

综述了基于可控／活性正离子聚合方法及通过接出接枝（grafting from）、接出接枝（grafting onto）和大分子单体（macromonomer）三种合成策略来设计制备接枝共聚物的研究进展，详细概括了大分子引发剂结构、支链结构、大分子单体结构、大分子链上引发活性点以及官能基团的分布、支链长度及路易斯酸性质等因素对接枝共聚反应的影响规律和不同接枝共聚物的设计合成，总结了上述三种不同合成路径的各自特点，进一步阐述所制备的接枝共聚物在特定环境中的微观结构、形态与外界条件响应性，探讨接枝共聚物的潜在应用领域。

英文摘要：

The progress in the synthesis of graft copolymers via controlled/living cationic polymerization and by three different synthetic strategies of grafting from, grafting onto and macromonomer, is reviewed. The influence of the chemical structures of macroinitiator, branched chain, macromonomer, distribution of initiating sites and functional groups along macromolecular chains, the length of branches and Lewis acids on grafting polymerization is summerized. The characteristics of the above three synthetic strategies of grafting from, grafting onto and macromonomer is proposed. The microstructure, morphologies and surrounding response property in the specific environment of the graft copolymers are further elaborated. The potential application of the graft copolymers are also discussed.