中文摘要：

随着社会、经济的发展以及人口数量的急剧增长,人类对水资源的需求量越来越大.在水资源日益短缺的情况下,科学合理地规划与管理灌溉水资源对提高水分利用率和保障粮食安全具有十分重要的意义.研究人员对此开展了大量卓有成效的工作,但多专注于特定的方面或尺度,深入性很强,系统性、整体性较弱.本文从管理的综合性与技术的集成性出发,提出了用于灌溉水资源时空优化配置的多层次多尺度框架,并阐明了框架内各组成部分的基础理论,以智能算法在各类模型求解中的应用为主线回顾和总结了前人的研究成果.基于系统性策略来研究灌溉水资源优化配置问题,既可以从时间尺度上总体控制灌溉用水总量,也可以从空间尺度上减少灌溉水量的损失,为提升灌区灌溉水资源管理水平,提高水分生产率以保障粮食安全提供科学依据与技术支撑.

英文摘要：

With the development of the society and economy, as well as the rapid increase of popu- lation, more and more water is needed by human, which intensified the shortage of water resources. The scarcity of water resources and growing competition of water in different water use sectors reduce water availability for irrigation, so it is significant to plan and manage irrigation water resources sci- entifically and reasonably for improving water use efficiency （WUE） and ensuring food security. Many investigations indicate that WUE can be increased by optimization of water use. However, present studies focused primarily on a particular aspect or scale, which lack systematic analysis on the problem of irrigation water allocation. By summarizing previous related studies, especially those based on intelligent algorithms, this article proposed a multi-level, multi-scale framework for alloca- ting irrigation water, and illustrated the basic theory of each component of the framework. Systema- tical strategy of optimal irrigation water allocation can not only control the total volume of irrigation water on the time scale, but also reduce water loss on the spatial scale. It could provide scientific basis and technical support for improving the food security. irrigation water management level and ensuring the