中文摘要：

首先引入桩土荷载传递规律的剪切位移模式，结合轴向winkler地基模型，建立了锚杆荷载传递基本方程，利用单元体平衡和锚杆、土体变形协调及边界条件，推导出锚杆抗拔荷载与位移关系的解析解，从而导出锚杆临界锚固长度的计算公式；然后，对影响锚杆临界锚固长度的主要因素进行了分析，得出一些定性的结论；最后，以某高层建筑深基坑支护工程中的锚杆为计算实例进行了分析。结果表明：理论计算结果与实测锚杆荷载变形曲线的直线段吻合较好；临界锚固长度的计算是合理的，可为锚杆设计提供参考。

英文摘要：

Firstly, the mode of shear displacement of pile-soil load transfer regular was introduced, and the basic equation of bolt load transfer was built by combining axial Winkler foundation model. The analytical solution of the relation between load and deformation of bolt and uplift pile was deduced by using the balance of unit body, deformation coordination between anchor and soil and boundary condition, so as to deduce the calculation formulae of bolt critical anchorage length. Then, the major factors influencing the bolt critical anchorage length were analyzed, and some qualitative conclusions were got. Finally, analysis was carried by taking a bolt in deep foundation pit engineering for high-rise building as an example. The results indicate that the theoretical calculation results match well with the actual measurement results of bolt load-deformation curves~ the calculation of critical anchorage length is reasonable, and can be used as a reference for design of bolt.