中文摘要：

在过去的半个多世纪中，中国农村经济制度经历了从传统市场经济转向人民公社，然后又从人民公社向家庭承包责任制的重大变革。在此期间，农业的发展解决了自古以来就困扰中国人的温饱问题。本文封中国农业的发展进行了回顾，并探讨了人民公社和家庭承包责任制对农业发展的影响，以及两种经济制度之间的关系。

英文摘要：

Over the past more than half a century, the Chinese rural economy has gone through two major changes： the system from the traditional market economy to the people＇s commune, and then from the people＇s commune system to the household contract responsibility system. During this period, China resolved the problem of food and clothing lacking by long-time agricultural development. This article on China＇s agricultural development studies reviewed and discussed the people＇s commune system and the household contract responsibility system in China＇s agricultural development as well as between the two economic systems.