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矿质和黑碳颗粒物表面大气非均相反应研究进展

ISSN号：0023-074X
期刊名称：科学通报
时间：2015.1.20
页码：122-136
分类：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100085
相关基金：中国科学院先导专项（XDB05010300）和国家自然科学基金（21107129,51221892）资助
相关项目：环境微界面过程与污染控制研究

关键词：大气颗粒物, 非均相反应, 复合效应, 吸湿性, 灰霾, atmospheric particulate matters, heterogeneous reaction, synergistic effect, hygroscopicity, haze formation

中文摘要：

灰霾是由于高浓度大气颗粒物消光导致能见度下降的污染现象，而颗粒物的消光性质与其参与的大气物理化学过程密切相关．因此，认识颗粒物参与的大气非均相反应对于揭示灰霾成因具有重要意义．我们通过多种手段研究了在矿质颗粒物、黑碳颗粒物表面以及吸湿过程中的大气非均相反应过程．通过系统研究大气非均相过程对常见污染气体的源汇平衡、颗粒物二次组分形成、老化过程对颗粒物吸湿性的影响，发现了多污染物共存气体在非均相反应中的复合效应，揭示了O2在界面反应中的关键作用，阐明了有机碳在黑碳老化过程中的作用．在吸湿性研究中，发现了混合颗粒物在吸湿过程中的化学反应，揭示了弱酸置换强酸的反应机理，解释了二次组分对矿质颗粒物吸湿性的促进机理．这些研究成果不仅促进了对大气非均相反应的深入认识，也有助于揭示我国的灰霾成因．

英文摘要：

Haze is a phenomenon of visibility degradation caused by the extinction effects of atmospheric particulate matter （APM）; these extinction effects are related to physicochemical properties of the aerosol particles. Therefore, the study of heterogeneous reactions on APM is relevant to establishing the formation mechanisms of haze. We review the latest research on heterogeneous reactions on mineral dust and soot particles. We discuss the effects of heterogeneous reactions on sources and sinks of trace gases, the formation of secondary aerosol, and the hygroscopic behavior of particles. We also summarize reactions relevant to haze formation. A synergistic effect occurs for coexisting gases involved in interface reactions. O2 plays a critical role in surface oxidation, while adsorbed organic species in soot support photo-oxidation. A number of important chemical reactions occur during humidification-dehumidification processes in mixed particles. Another relevant reaction mechanism is that weak acids replace strong acids. Finally, there is an enhancement effect of secondary aerosol on the hygroscopicity of APM. These results are not only useful for understanding heterogeneous reactions on APM, but also reveal some of the underlying mechanisms of haze formation in the coal producing areas of China.