中文摘要：

全面介绍了合成阳离子微球的常用方法，着重阐述了（无皂）乳液聚合、分散聚合、微乳聚合的研究进展及阳离子微球在油田调剖、电流变液、生物医药领域的应用，系统归纳了阳离子微球表面电荷来源和国内外文献报道的常用阳离子单体，并总结了不同合成工艺的应用特点。最近，许多新的合成方法如点击化学、原子转移自由基聚合等应用于阳离子微球的合成，为控制微球的表面性能提供了新的途径。在此基础上，展望了阳离子聚合物微球未来发展方向和面临挑战。

英文摘要：

Herein, the conventional preparation methods of cationic polymer microsphere, highlighting the progress of （emulsifier-free） emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, microemulsion polymerization, as well as the application in profile conformation, electrorheology fluid, biomedicine, are reviewed, and origin of cationic charges in the microsphere surface and cationic monomers used in world-wide published works are systematically summed up. Moreover, the specifications of various processes for preparation are elucidated. Recently, a number of new methods like clicking chemistry, atom transfer radical polymerization for this use have paved a way for the control of surface property of microsphere. Thus, the outline on the future directions and challenges come with the design and engineering of cationic polymer particles is concluded.