中文摘要：

区域和流域尺度的陆面、水文和生态模拟与同化,都需要高分辨率的大气近地表层风、温、压、湿、辐射、降水等资料作为驱动。介绍了流域尺度驱动数据的重要性,对现阶段大气驱动数据的制备方法进行评论,总结了降水、辐射、气温和其他近地表要素的若干产品,探讨了北美陆面数据同化系统、全球陆面数据同化系统、欧洲陆面数据同化系统和中国西部陆面数据同化系统中大气驱动数据的研究思路和研究成果,最后提出了现阶段制备流域尺度驱动数据存在的问题,并针对中国西部复杂地形的高时空分辨率驱动数据制备提出一些看法。

英文摘要：

Hydrometeological forcing data with high spatio-temperal resolution,such as wind,temperature,pressure,humidity,radiation,precipitation,is needed for driving regional-scale and watershed-scale hydrological,ecological,land models or data simulations system.In this paper,the importance of regional-scal and watershed-scale forcing data is clarified;methods of producing forcing data,such as interpolation based on observation data,reanalysis data,dynamical downscaling method,statistical downscaling method and multi-source information fusion method,are described in detail;some cases about precipitation,radiation,temperature and other variables are given;some case studies on producing forcing data for land data assimilation systems are introduced,such as Global Land Data Assimilation System（GLDAS）,European Land Data Assimilation System to predict Floods and Droughts（ELDAS）,North American Land Data Assimilation System（NLDAS）,Chinese Land Data Assimilation System（CLDAS） and Land Information System（LIS）.Finally,existing problems of producing high spatio-temperal forcing data for regional-scale and watershed-scale hydrological,ecological,land models or data simulations system are pointed out in detail,and four proposals are put forward： ①it is difficult to satisfy all forcing variables by one simple method;②it is urgent to provide proper land surface initial condition for dynamical downscaling model;③it is a major method to combine with Doppler radar data,drop size meter and rain gauge observations to improve the accuracy of rainfall;④it is a trend to input remote sensing images into dynamical downscaling model by data assimilation method to generate high spatio-temperal forcing data.Some ideas on preparing forcing data for land surface model of Western China are proposed.