中文摘要：

金属熔体的扩散行为是凝聚态物理研究的重要课题之一.金属熔体的扩散系数是描述熔体质量传输现象的重要参数,精确的扩散系数对于基础材料科学研究和工程应用领域都非常重要.介绍了几种常用的金属熔体扩散系数测量技术以及国内关于金属熔体扩散的研究进展.由于受到各种因素的影响,如重力效应引起的对流,地面条件下测量得到的扩散系数往往存在很大的误差.总结了国外学者在空间微重力环境下开展的一系列的金属熔体扩散系数测量研究工作,由于技术和成本的限制,目前空间实验得到的精确的扩散测量结果还十分匮乏,这导致人们对金属熔体微观质量传输机制认识远远不足.结合现有的实验结果简要介绍了几种扩散理论模型,并予以简要的评述.最后给出了熔体扩散未来值得研究的方向,提出了未来要解决的科学及技术问题.

英文摘要：

The study of the diffusion behavior in liquid metals is an important subject of condensed physics research.The diffusion coefficient of liquid metals is a key parameter to describe the mass transfer phenomena.Accurate diffusion coefficients are important for the studies of fundamental materials science and engineering applications.In this paper,several common measurement techniques and progress of domestic research on diffusion in liquid metals are introduced.Due to the influences of various factors such as convection caused by gravity,the diffusion coefficients measured on the ground often have great errors.This paper summarizes a series of research works in the microgravity environment carried out by foreign scientists.Due to the limitation of technology and cost,the precise diffusion measurement results obtained by the space experiment are still very lacking,that results in peoples understanding of the mass transfer mechanism of molten metal is far from enough.Several diffusion theory models are briefly introduced based on the existing experimental results.Finally,the future research direction of liquid metal diffusion is given,and the scientific and technical problems to be solved are proposed.