中文摘要：

合理设计和有高特定的表面区域和层次地多孔的结构的一个维的 nanofibers 的简单合成仍然是挑战性的。在现在的工作，利用一个热地可移动的模板的新奇策略被开发综合通过简单 electrospinning 技术的使用的层次地多孔的做 N 的碳 nanofibers (HP-NCNFs ) 结合了随后的热分解。在热分解进程期间， ZnO nanoparticles 能在 situ 被形成并且在高温度的条件下面由于他们的分解和升华充当一个热地可移动的模板。产生 HP-NCNFs 与 300 nm 的一条平均直径有一些多达几百测微计并且全部拥有层次地多孔的结构。如此的唯一的结构赋予 HP-NCNFs 以多达 829.5 m ² 评价到 functionalized MNP 的表面上，在微波导致消化反应的更高的效率试验。而且， functionalized MNP 能充当一个微波吸收器在时间的一个短时期加速并且充实蛋白质碎片(30-50 ? s ) 。各种各样的试验性的条件象 enzyme-to-protein 比率 1:30 那样， MNP 集中 600？？

英文摘要：

Rational design and simple synthesis of one-dimensional nanofibers with high specific surface areas and hierarchically porous structures are still challenging. In the present work, a novel strategy utilizing a thermally removable template was developed to synthesize hierarchically porous N-doped carbon nanofibers （HP-NCNFs） through the use of simple electrospinning technology coupled with subsequent pyrolysis. During the pyrolysis process, ZnO nanoparticles can be formed in situ and act as a thermally removable template due to their decomposition and sublimation under high-temperature conditions. The resulting HP-NCNFs have lengths of up to hundreds of micrometers with an average diameter of 300 nm and possess a hierarchically porous structure throughout. Such unique structures endow HP-NCNFs with a high specific surface area of up to 829.5 m2-g 1, which is 2.6 times higher than that （323.2 m2.g 1） of conventional N-doped carbon nanofibers （NCNFs）. Compared with conventional NCNFs, the HP-NCNF catalyst exhibited greatly enhanced catalytic performance and improved kinetics for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） in alkaline media. Moreover, the HP-NCNFs even showed better stability and stronger methanol crossover effect tolerance than the commerdal Pt-C catalyst. The optimized ORR performance can be attributed to the synergetic contribution of continuous and three-dimensional （3D） cross-linked structures, graphene-like structure on the edge of the HP- NCNFs, high specific surface area, and a hierarchically porous structure.