中文摘要：

目的构建一种新型钙磷硅基活性骨修复材料，研究材料成分、孔道结构和是否负载生长因子对支架力学性能、细胞黏附性能和骨组织形成过程的影响。方法以磷酸钙骨水泥（C PC ）、介孔硅酸钙（MCS）为原料，采用3D打印技术构建不同孔道结构的MCS／CPC复合支架，在扫描电子显微镜下观察支架内部孔道结构，通过万能力学试验机测试各组支架的最大抗压力学性能，用四甲基偶氮唑盐法测试各组支架的细胞黏附性能。建立大鼠颅骨原位缺损修复模型，在支架上负载重组人骨形态发生蛋白（rhBMP）‐2制备得到钙磷硅基活性多孔支架（MCS／CPC／rhBMP‐2），考察CPC、MCS／CPC和MCS／CPC／rhBMP‐2支架的组织相容性与成骨性能。结果采用3D打印技术能够实现对钙磷硅基骨修复支架内部孔道结构的可控制备。垂直孔设计大小为350μm 的MCS／CPC支架具有适宜的孔隙率和抗压力学强度（分别为56．6％和9．8 M Pa）；细胞相容性良好，有利于细胞黏附。负载rhBM P‐2可显著加快新生骨组织形成，植入MCS／CPC／rhBMP‐2复合支架初期纤维组织即可在连通孔道中自由生长，在植入12周后，MCS／CPC／rhBMP‐2支架新生骨面积明显高于CPC和MCS／CPC支架，且新生骨组织形成过程与颅骨膜内成骨过程相似，具有一定的仿生效应。结论采用3D打印法制备的 M CS／CPC／rhBM P‐2支架材料具有规则的连通孔道，力学性能良好，促进成骨效果优异，是理想的新型骨缺损修复材料。

英文摘要：

Objective To fabricate recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 （rhBMP‐2） loaded mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium phosphate cements （MCS/CPC） scaffolds based on 3D bioplotting technique ,and investigate the combined effect of material component , mesoporous structure and growth factor on mechanical property ,cell adhesion potential and osteogenesis of the bone repair scaffolds .Methods Scaffolds with different designed structure were fabricated to study the effect of pore size and distribution on mechanical property and cell adhesion potential for optimal design . To obtain a hybrid system in the repair of bone defects , rhBMP‐2 was incorporated into the optimized scaffolds .The in vivo effects of CPC ,MCS/CPC and MCS/CPC/rhBMP‐2 scaffolds were further assessed in rat cranial defect models by histological analysis .Results MCS/CPC scaffolds with straight pore size of 350 μm possessed proper porosity （56 .6% ） , high mechanical strength （9 .8 MPa ） and good biocompatibility .After the implantation for 12 weeks ,MCS/CPC/rhBMP‐2 scaffolds resulted in much more bone regeneration compared with the CPC and MCS/CPC scaffolds .In addition ,new bones developed intramembranously , which is similar to the osteogenetic process of facial cranium bones . Conclusion Mesoporous calcium silicate incorporated macroporous scaffolds loaded with rhBMP‐2 had synergistic enhancing effects on bone regeneration and were supposed to be a promising biomaterial for bone repair .