中文摘要：

以立方纳米碳酸钙为模板,通过离子交换法,制备得到了纺锤形纳米羟基磷灰石（HAP）。考察了反应温度、pH值等因素对颗粒制备的影响,得到的较优工艺条件为：在pH=10,反应温度60℃,反应4h的条件下,可制备出纺锤形纳米HAP。所制备的样品由HAP晶须排列构成,粒径在150～200 nm,形貌良好且分散均一。纺锤形纳米HAP的重金属Pb2＋脱除实验结果表明,随着pH值的降低和脱除温度的升高,Pb2＋的脱除率增加,较优的脱除条件为pH〈2.5、脱除温度40℃、搅拌时间60 min。在此条件下,Pb2＋脱除率大于99.7%。

英文摘要：

Spindle-shape hydroxyapatite（HAP） nanoparticles were successfully prepared by an anion-exchange re- action using cubic calcium carbonate nanoparticles as a template and calcium source. The effects of varying the re- action temperature and pH value were investigated. Uniform spindle-shape HAP nanoparticles with a mean size of 150--200 nm were obtained under the optimal conditions of pH 10 and temperature of 60℃. The spindle-shape HAP nanopartieles were employed for the removal of heavy metal Pb2 ＋ ions. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of Pb2＋ could reach above 99.7% at an initial Pb2＋ mass concentration of 5000mg/L. The optimum re- moval conditions are a pH value of lower than 2.5, a time of 60 min, and a temperature of 40℃.