中文摘要：

为研究胆碱受体在厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育过程中的作用,通过药理学手段调查胆碱类神经递质乙酰胆碱、氯甲酰胆碱及其拮抗剂六甲双铵和阿托品对厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育调控作用。结果显示：在24 h暴露实验中,氯甲酰胆碱在10-5-10-4mol/L浓度表现出诱导活性,乙酰胆碱则无诱导活性。在持续暴露实验中,氯甲酰胆碱在10-5-10-4mol/L浓度表现出诱导活性,乙酰胆碱在10-6-10-4mol/L浓度表现出诱导活性。在拮抗剂实验中,在10-4mol/L氯甲酰胆碱或10-4mol/L乙酰胆碱存在时,N型胆碱受体拮抗剂六甲双铵对厚壳贻贝幼虫的变态均无抑制效果,表明N型胆碱受体可能并不在幼虫的变态发育过程发挥主导作用。M型胆碱受体拮抗剂阿托品在10-4mol/L氯甲酰胆碱存在时表现出抑制作用,且测试液中幼虫的变态率降为0%,表明M型胆碱受体可能参与调控厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育过程。在整个药理学实验过程中无死亡幼虫出现,因而氯甲酰胆碱和乙酰胆碱可作为有效诱导物来促进厚壳贻贝幼虫的变态发育,尝试应用于该种的水产养殖过程;同时本研究为厚壳贻贝变态发育调控机制的研究提供有效理论依据。

英文摘要：

The metamorphosis responses of mussel （Mytilus coruscus）larvae to cholinoceptor compounds were investigated through a series of bioassays in order to obtain the information on muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoceptor in mediating larval metamorphosis in this species. In the inducing effect of the agonist, pediveliger larvae were exposed to the test solution either in 24-h exposure bath or in continuous exposure throughout the experiment. In the inhibitive effect of the antagonist, pediveliger larvae were exposed to the test solution in the absence or presence of the agonist. In the 24 h exposure assays, carbamylmethylcholine induced larval metamorphosis at 10-5 to 10-4 mol/L concentrations,while acetylcholine showed no inducing activity. In continuous exposure assays, carbamylmethylcholine showed inducing activity at 10-5 to 10-4 mol/L concentrations, and acetylcholine induced larval metamorphosis at 10-6 to 10-4 mol/L concentrations. Nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist hexamethonium bromide did not inhibit larval metamorphosis in the presence of carbamylmethylcholine or acetylcholine. In contrast, muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist atropine,inhibited larval metamorphosis in the presence of carbamylmethylcholine. In addition, no larval mortality was observed at all test concentrations. Thus, carbamylmethylcholine and acetylcholine can be used as non-toxic and useful inducers of larval metamorphosis in this species, and can improve M. coruscus larval production for aquaculture. The present study provides a novel insight into the mechanism modulating the metamorphosis of larval of the mussel M. coruscus.