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中文摘要：
冰封时间长是高纬度或高海拔湖泊的重要特征。为满足样品的现场采集和室内模拟，研制了用于现场采集冰芯、水样和沉积物的成套仪器和室内模拟装置。在综合现有的采样方法的基础上，论述该套仪器的适应性和可行性：冰芯采集器采样方便，解决了进口采样器价格昂贵的“瓶颈”问题；水样和沉积物采集器配合冰芯采集器使用，可以采集湖泊冰一水界面等各部位的水样和无扰动的柱状沉积物。从冰一水体系温度、冰生长率和污染物在冰一水体系的分配比三个方面，对比现场试验和模拟试验的异同，结果表明室内模拟实验能够较好地模拟污染物在自然冷冻条件下冰一水体系之间的迁移过程。
英文摘要：
The long ice - on period is one of the most important characteristics of lakes at high altitudes or latitudes. A complete set of instruments for collecting ice samples, water samples, sediment samples, and simulating in laboratory is developed. Compared to the existing sampling method, the adaptability and feasibility of these instruments are described： the ice drill is easy to use, which solves the crucial high -price problem of imported instrument; water and sediment samplers well combined with ice drill can collect samples at every part consist of water nearby ice - water interface and water - sediment interface, water in sediment pores, and core sediments without disturbance. Laboratory experiment is compared to field experiment from three aspects of temperature in ice - water system, growth rate and distribution ratio of pollutants between ice layer and water layer, which indicates that the laboratory experiment can well simulate the natural migration process of pollutants between ice and water.
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