中文摘要：

为了寻求新的优化设计方法，引进了均匀设计——一种仅考虑试验点在试验范围内均匀散布的试验设计方法．对均匀设计表进行了一定的改进，提出了余表的构想．余表提供了优化过程中可能的迭代方向，解决了搜索方向的问题．借助配方试验设计思想提出了配方设计表的设计方案，利用此方案探讨了最佳初始迭代点的选择问题．通过算例考察了体积约束条件下两端简支和两端固支轴向受压柱的屈曲优化问题，给出了优化后柱体的形状．结果表明，均匀设计思想可以用于结构优化设计问题．

英文摘要：

The uniform design, an experimental design method that the test points are uniformly scattered within the test range, was introduced in order to seek new optimum design methods. The uniform design table was modified and the concept of residual table was put forward. The residual table provided possible iteration direction during the process of optimization and solved the problem of seeding direction. Based on the design concept of a compound experiment, a design scheme for the compound was given to find the optimum initial iteration point. Two cases were employed to study the buckling optimum design of columns with simply supported ends and with fixed ends under volume constraint conditions. The optimum shapes of columns were given. The results show that the concept of the uniform design is efficient for the structural optimization.