中文摘要：

【目的】畜禽粪便有机肥的施用是造成我国农田土壤重金属污染的重要原因之一。本文选用两种典型规模化养殖场畜禽粪便有机肥,研究其在石灰性土壤和酸性土壤上施用1年后Cu、Zn的有效性和形态归趋,为客观评价畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属进入土壤后的环境行为和生态风险提供理论依据。【方法】采用温室土壤培养试验,在石灰性土壤和酸性土壤上分别设对照（CK）、施2%鸡粪（CM2%）、施5%鸡粪（CM5%）、施与CM2%、CM5%含等量Cu、Zn的重金属无机盐溶液（CS2%、CS5%）、施2%猪粪（PM2%）、施5%猪粪（PM5%）、施与PM2%、PM5%含等量Cu、Zn的重金属无机盐溶液（PS2%、PS5%）9个处理,每个处理设3次重复,在温室条件下培养1年。测定土壤p H值,EDTA提取有效态Cu、Zn以及采用改进Tessier连续提取法提取的各形态Cu、Zn的含量,分析鸡粪、猪粪及等量无机盐溶液中Cu、Zn进入土壤后的有效性和形态归趋。【结果】施用鸡粪和猪粪1年后,石灰性土壤的p H值降低,酸性土壤的p H值升高,施用5%猪粪时石灰性土壤p H值降低了0.23个单位,酸性土壤p H值升高了0.87个单位。施入鸡粪、猪粪1年后,石灰性土壤中有效态Zn和酸性土壤中有效态Cu、Zn含量显著增加,施用5%猪粪时酸性土壤中有效态Cu含量增加了1.95倍,施用5%鸡粪时2种土壤中有效态Cu的含量均显著低于等量无机盐。施用鸡粪和等量无机盐后,2种土壤中交换态和有机结合态Cu的含量显著增加,交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Zn的含量显著增加;施用猪粪和等量无机盐后,2种土壤中交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态Cu的含量显著增加,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Zn的含量显著增加。【结论】施用鸡粪、猪粪提高了石灰性土壤中Zn和酸性土壤中Cu、Zn的有效性,高用量条件下鸡粪中Cu的有效性低于等量无机盐。1

英文摘要：

【Objectives】The application of livestock and poultry manure is one of the most important causes of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils in China. In this paper,two kinds of typical livestock and poultry manure from large-scale farms were applied to soils for 1 year to investigate the bioavailability and form transformation of Cu and Zn in calcareous soil and acid soil. The results will provide theoretical basis for evaluating the environmental behavior and ecological risk of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure. 【Methods】A soilincubation experiment was conducted with calcareous soil and acid soil under greenhouse condition for 1 year. Nine treatments were designed： control（ CK）,2% chicken manure（ CM2%）,5% chicken manure（ CM5%）,equivalent inorganic Cu or Zn salt solutions with CM2% and CM5%（ CS2%,CS5% respectively）,2% pig manure（ PM2%）,5% pig manure（ PM5%）,equivalent inorganic Cu or Zn salt solutions with PM2% and PM5%（PS2%,PS5% respectively）. Soil p H,EDTA extractable Cu and Zn contents,different forms of Cu and Zn contents were determined,and the bioavailability and form transformation of Cu and Zn from livestock and poultry manure were analyzed. 【Results】The p H value decreased in calcareous soil but increased in acid soil after the application of chicken and pig manure,and the p H value of calcareous soil decreased 0. 23 units while that of acid soil increased 0. 87 units in PM5% treatment. After the application of chicken and pig manure for 1 year,the contents of available Zn in calcareous soil and the contents of available Cu and Zn in acid soil increased significantly. The available Cu increased by 1. 95 times in acid soil in PM5% treatment and the contents of available Cu in CM 5% treatment were lower than those in CS5% treatment. After the application of chicken manure and equivalent inorganic salt solutions, the contents of exchangeable Cu, organic bound Cu and exchangeable Zn,carbonate bound Zn,organic bound Zn,Fe-Mn oxides bound Zn increased