中文摘要：

在对锚索锚固段剪应力分布模式进行弹塑性理论分析的基础上,开展拉力集中型、拉力分散型、压力分散型锚索的现场破坏性试验,对3类锚索的剪应力分布特征、承载能力、荷载–位移曲线进行对比分析,结果表明：在弹性状态下,3类锚索锚固体上的峰值剪应力均出现在集中力作用点近端0.5 m范围内,且随着荷载增加而增大;进入塑性状态后,上述0.5 m范围最先出现脱黏滑移,峰值剪应力逐渐向锚固体中部转移,脱黏段的残余剪应力约为峰值的1/3;由于拉力分散型锚索的剪应力分布更加均匀、有效锚固段长度更长,其承载能力相比拉力集中型提高31.1%;压力分散型锚索锚固体由于受压产生径向膨胀,其与土体之间的黏结强度增大,因而承载能力比拉力分散型提高17.7%;从荷载–位移曲线来看,压力分散型锚索具有更好的位移延性和抗变形能力,在土体锚固中优势明显。

英文摘要：

Based on the elasto-plastic analysis of shear stress distribution in anchorage section,field destructive tests were carried out on the tension-concentrated anchor cable（TCAC）,the tension-dispersed anchor cable（TDAC） and the pressure-dispersed anchor cable（PDAC）. The comparative analysis was made regarding the shear stress distribution characteristics,the bearing capacity and the load-displacement curve. In the elastic stage,the peak shear stress appeared in the range of 0.5 m near the acting point of concentrated force and increased with the load growing. In the plastic period,debonding slippage occurred in the range of 0.5 m near the acting point of concentrated force,and the peak shear stress was shifted to the middle of anchorage body gradually. The residual shear stress on debonding section was about 1/3 of the peak value. TDAC has more uniform shear stress distribution and longer effective anchorage length,its carrying capacity was 31.1% higher than TCAC. Due to the radial expansion of anchorage body under pressure,the bond strength between PDAC and soil was improved,which made the PDAC′s carrying capacity to increase by 17.7% compared with TDAC. It can be seen from the load-displacement curve that the PDAC had better displacement ductility and deformation resistivity,therefore,it had advantages in soil anchoring.