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中文摘要：
为了评估鱼类对长江口栖息地的选择偏好,选取长江口春季的优势种棘头梅童鱼幼鱼为模式物种,从19个水文、水质因子及生物因素指标中,筛选出狭额绒螯蟹丰度、盐度、底质类型和水深4个因子作为棘头梅童鱼栖息地指示因子,建立栖息地适合曲线,并计算了栖息地适宜度指数（HSI）.结果表明：长江口北支水域棘头梅童鱼幼鱼HSI普遍较高,基本在0.5以上,而南支水域普遍较低,基本上在0.2以下,表明长江口北支为棘头梅童鱼幼鱼的主要索饵场,同时发现,其幼鱼的最适生长水域为盐度大于14、底质平均粒径在29μm以下、水深2~5 m的水域,与HSI的空间分布一致.生物因子可较好地表征棘头梅童鱼幼鱼对水文、水质等因素的响应;化学需氧量、铵氮、总磷和挥发性酚与棘头梅童鱼幼鱼丰度不具有显著相关性,亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和总氮与其丰度具有显著正相关性,说明调查水域内水质的富营养化尚未对棘头梅童鱼栖息地造成破坏;而铜离子和镉离子浓度与其丰度具有极显著的负相关性,表明重金属污染已经对棘头梅童鱼幼鱼的生长和分布造成了一定的危害,推测重金属污染对长江口水域的鱼类栖息地分布具有限制性影响.
英文摘要：
To evaluate the choice preference thys lucidus which is the dominant species in abundance of Pseudograpsus albus, salinity, environmental factors. Then, the indices of were established, and the HSI of juvenile C. of fish habitat in the Yangtze estuary, juvenile Collich- spring was selected. The 4 indicator factors, including substrate type and water depth, were selected from 19 the habitat suitability curves of the 4 indicator factors lucidus at each site was calculated. The results indica- ted that HSI was almost more than 0.5 in North Branch, and less than 0.2 in South Branch. It showed that the North Branch of Yangtze estuary was the main nursery area of C. htcidus. The most suitable growth sector was the area with salinity more than 14, mean grain size of substrate less than 29 txm and water depth 2 to 5 m, which was consistent with the distribution of HSI. The study demonstrated that biological factors could be characterized by the response of juvenile C. lucidus to the environment. Chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and volatile phe- nol did not have significant correlation with the fish abundance, with which nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen had significant positive correlation. It suggested that the eutrophication of the survey area had not damaged the habitat of C. lucidus. However, copper ion and cadmium ion had significant negative correlation with the fish abundance, which indicated that the heavy metalpollution had harmed the growth and distribution of juvenile C. lucidus. It was inferred that the heavy metal pollution was the restrictive factor influencing the fish habitat in Yangtze estuary.
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