中文摘要：

采用循环伏安和计时电流法,在14.3%-85.7%（摩尔分数）的甜菜碱盐酸盐-乙二醇离子液体中研究镍在玻碳电极和碳钢电极上的电沉积行为。结果表明：相比Ni（Ⅱ）在玻碳电极上受扩散控制的三维瞬时形核过程,Ni（Ⅱ）在碳钢电极上受扩散控制的准可逆还原过程更容易。SEM和EDAX表明在碳钢片上电沉积得到的镀层为金属镍,且镀层致密、均匀,晶粒细小（平均粒径为（80±4）nm）。XRD表明,（111）晶面为镍在碳钢片上的最优生长晶面。镀层表面平整光亮,与碳钢基体有良好的附着力。

英文摘要：

The electrodeposition behaviors of nickel on glassy carbon（GC） and carbon steel（CS） electrodes were investigated in the14.3%-85.7%（mole fraction） betaine.HCl ethylene glycol（EG） ionic liquid using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The results indicated that the reduction of Ni（Ⅱ） on CS electrode via a diffusion-controlled quasi-reversible process was much more facile and easier than that occurred on GC electrode,which followed a diffusion-controlled three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation and growth.Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe that the deposit was dense and contained fine crystallites with average size of（80±4） nm.Energy dispersive spectrometer analysis showed that the obtained deposit was metallic nickel.X-ray diffraction spectroscopy indicated that（111） plane was the most preferred crystal orientation.The nickel deposit was luminous and bright,and had good adhesion with the CS substrate.