层次地, macro-/mesoporous 组织了 Al2O3, TiO2-Al2O3 材料被用作支持准备新奇 Co-Mo-Ni hydrodesulfurization (HDS ) 催化剂。在 macroporous 隧道外面的商业 Co-Mo-Ni/Al2O3 催化剂作为一本参考书被拿。催化剂被扫描电子描绘显微镜(SEM ) ,传播电子显微镜(TEM ) ,精力散的 spectrometry (版本) , N2 吸附解吸附作用, X 光检查衍射(XRD ) ,和温度规划了减小(TPR ) 。为 thiophene HDS 的层次地多孔的催化剂的明显的活动比商业催化剂的那些优异,它主要被归功于到提高散开的效果层次地 bimodal 毛孔结构。到在支持的氧化铝的 titania 的增加帮助削弱在活跃阶段和支持之间的相互作用,并且作为结果,有装载的低 titania 的新奇 Co-Mo-Ni/TiO2-Al2O3 催化剂(28% ,由质量) 在高展出的支持 HDS 活动,甚至没有 presulfiding 处理。然而,有装载的高 titania 的催化剂(61% ,由质量) 显示出的低得多的活动,它是主要由它的低表面区域和毛孔体积以及 titania 和氧化铝的不一致的分发引起了。运动分析进一步在催化剂的 HDS 活动表明了支持效果。
A carbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by direct sulfonation and carbonization (in moderate conditions:200 °C, 12 h) of red liquor solids, a by-product of paper-making process. The prepared sulfonated cata-lyst (SC) had aromatic structure, composed of carbon enriched inner core, and oxygen-containing (SO3H, COOH, OH) groups enriched surface. The SO3H, COOH, OH groups amounted to 0.74 mmol·g^-1, 0.78 mmol·g^-1, 2.18 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The fresh SC showed much higher catalytic activity than that of the traditional solid acid catalysts (strong-acid 732 cation exchange resin, hydrogen type zeolite socony mobile-five (HZSM-5), sulfated zir-conia) in esterification of oleic acid. SC was deactivated during the reactions, through the mechanisms of leaching of sulfonated species and formation of sulfonate esters. Two regeneration methods were developed, and the catalytic activity can be mostly regenerated by regeneration Method 1 and be fully regenerated by regeneration Method 2, respectively.