中文摘要：

由在 19562004 和 19562010 期间在中国从 654 个车站有或没有不同类测试和调整比较质量控制的每日的温度观察数据的二个集合，不同类影响改变四个百分位数温度极端索引的趋势，包括冷天的出现，冷夜里，温暖的天，并且与改变紧张温暖夜里，被讨论。不同类影响了有限地在广泛的区域上平均的长期的趋势，这被发现。为了最小化不同类，影响， 83 个车站与明显的不同类鉴别影响被移开，并且改变四温度极端的趋势的更新的分析在 19562010 期间与变化索引紧张被进行。当那些显著地温暖的夜里和温暖的天增加了在期间时，结果证明冷夜里和冷天的年度出现极大地减少了最近 20 年。事件是越多极端，为温度极端索引改变趋势的大小是越多 greater。一个明显的增加趋势在冷天和冷夜里的年度出现被观察在最近四年。改变温暖的极端索引的趋势的大小比冷极端索引的大，并且它比在南部的中国在北中国是更大的。为冷天的夏天出现的趋势不是重要的。冷夜里和冷天的出现的减少的趋势在 6 月， 7 月，和 8 月(JJA ) 在 12 月， 1 月，和 2 月(DJF ) ，但是最不是最大的，当温暖的夜里的增加的趋势在 JJA 是最大的时。冷夜里显著地从 1956 ～ 1990 减少了，然后减少的趋势更加变弱。减少的趋势也为冷天的出现在最近的年里显示出明显的减速。自从最近的十年起，然而，两个都增加温暖的夜里和温暖的天的趋势连续地被加速了。进一步的分析为四温度极端的出现的趋势的进化索引的礼品被变化在北中国统治。

英文摘要：

By comparing two sets of quality-controlled daily temperature observation data with and without the inhomogeneity test and adjustment from 654 stations in China during 1956 2004 and 1956-2010, impacts of inhomogeneity on changing trends of four percentile temperature extreme indices, including occurrences of cold days, cold nights, warm days, and warm nights with varying intensities, were discussed. It is found that the inhomogeneity affected the long-term trends averaged over extensive regions limitedly. In order to minimize the inhomogeneity impact, the 83 stations identified with obvious inhomogeneity impacts were removed, and an updated analysis of changing trends of the four temperature extreme indices with varying intensities during 1956 2010 was conducted. The results show that annual occurrences of both cold nights and cold days decreased greatly while those of warm nights and warm days increased significantly during the recent 20 years. The more extreme the event is, the greater the magnitude of changing trends for the temperature extreme index is. An obvious increasing trend was observed in annual occurrences of cold days and cold nights in the recent four years. The magnitude of changing trends of warm extreme indices was greater than that of cold extreme indices, and it was greater in northern China than in southern China. Trends for summer occurrence of cold days were not significant. Decreasing trends of occurrences of both cold nights and cold days were the greatest in December, January, and February （DJF） but the least in June, July, and August （JJA）, while increasing trends of warm nights were the greatest in JJA. Cold nights significantly decreased from 1956 to 1990, and then the decreasing trend considerably weakened. The decreasing trend also showed an obvious slowdown in recent years for occurrence of cold days. However, increasing trends of warm nights and warm days both have been accelerated continuously since the recent decades. Further analysis presents that the evolution of the t