中文摘要：

有一个热广场的一个广场列是为 nanofluid 研究的一个简单却重要的研究原型。不管多么直到现在，平方的温度的效果热和 nanofluids 的集体转移上的列没包括地被揭示，特别在熵产生上。加深卓见进这个重要领域，在有方形的热列的一个方形的洞的 SiO ₂-water nanofluid 的自然传送对流在这研究数字地被学习。热列温度的效果( T = 0.0 ， 0.5 ， 1.0 ， 1.5 )，瑞利数字(从 10 ³ 到 10 ⁶),和 nanoparticle 的体积部分(从 0.01～0.04 变化)在液体流动上，热转移，并且熵产生分别地被调查。它被发现那，在一个低或高级的瑞利数字不管， nanoparticle 的体积部分不为热列的所有温度在流动领域和温度地上显示出可观的效果。随体积部分的增加，吝啬的 Nusselt 数字稍微增加。同时，随热列的温度的增加，平均 Nusselt 数字根本逐渐地减少，这被发现瑞利的价值数。同时，它被发现那，在一个高级瑞利数字，热转移机制是在全部的熵产生而非卷部分影响增加的主要参数。另外，，在一个高级或低的瑞利数字不管 T = 0.5，全部的熵产生是最小。

英文摘要：

A square with a thermal square column is a simple but nontrivial research prototype for nanofluid research. However, until now, the effects of the temperature of the square column on the heat and mass transfer of nanofluids have not been revealed comprehensively, especially on entropy generation. To deepen insight into this important field, the natural convection of the SiO2-water nanofluid in a square cavity with a square thermal column is studied numerically in this study. The effects of the thermal column temperature （T = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5）, the Rayleigh number （ranging from 103 to 106）, and the volume fraction of the nanoparticle （varying from 0.01 to 0.04） on the fluid flow, heat transfer, and entropy generation are investigated, respectively. It is found that, no matter at a low or high Rayleigh number, the volume fraction of the nanoparticle shows no considerable effects on the flow field and temperature field for all the temperatures of the thermal column. With an increase in the volume fraction, the mean Nusselt number increases slightly. At the same time, it is found that, with an increase in the temperature of the thermal column, the average Nusselt number gradually decreases at all values of the Rayleigh number. Meanwhile, it is found that, at a high Rayleigh number, the heat transfer mechanism is the main parameter affecting the increase in the total entropy generation rather than the volume fraction. In addition, no matter at a high or low Rayleigh number, when T = 0.5, the total entropy generation is the minimum.