中文摘要：

XY性染色体决定系统是决定植物性别的主要方式，但是对于其起源与演化机制却知之甚少。目前认为，携带控制雌蕊或雄蕊发育基因的一对常染色体由于某种未知原因的突变形成早期的neo-Y或neo-X性染色体，随着演化的进行，早期XY性染色体之间的重组逐渐受到抑制，非重组区域扩展最终形成异型的性染色体。研究发现，重复序列的累积以及DNA甲基化等因素都可能参与了XY性染色体的异染色质化、重组抑制及Y染色体体积增大过程。转座子作为一种基因组中含量最高的重复序列在性染色体演化中扮演了重要的角色，包括性染色体演化的起始激发，以及导致性染色体局部表观遗传修饰使其发生异染色质化扩展和重组抑制。文章综述了转座子在植物性染色体上的累积及其与性染色体异染色质化之间的关系，并简要分析了转座子在性染色体演化过程中的作用。

英文摘要：

The XY sex-determination system is crucial for plant reproduction. However, little is known about the mechanism of the origin and evolution of the XY sex chromosomes. It has been believed that a pair of autosomes is evolved to produce young sex chromosomes （neo-X chromosome and neo-Y chromosome） by loss of function or gain of function mutation, which influences the development of pistil or stamen. With the aggravation of the recombination suppression between neo-X and neo-Y and consequent expanding of the non-recombination region, the proto-sex chromosomes were finally developed to heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Accumulation of repetitive sequences and DNA methylation were probably involved in this process. Transposons, as the most abundant repetitive sequences in the genome, might be the initial motivation factors for the evolution of sex chromosome. Moreover, transposons may also increase heterochromatin expansion and recombination suppression of sex chromosome by local epigenetics modification. In this review, we summarize the function of transposon accumulation and the relationship between transposon and heterochromatization in the evolution of plant sex chromosome.