中文摘要：

利用ERDAS处理Landsat-ETM影像,ArcMap 10处理矢量数据和栅格数据,Fragstats 4.0计算景观指数值,Excel统计景观指数值,并选择一些常用景观指数,分析了碧塔海流域斑块类型水平空间分布格局、矢量转换方法、最佳空间粒度、矢栅数据比较和景观格局。结果表明,（1）碧塔海湖泊周边地势陡峭地段,湖泊水域直接跟有林地相连,形成了湖泊水域→有林地→草丛（湖泊北部）和湖泊水域→有林地（湖泊南部）的水平空间分布格局;湖泊周边的少数山间平缓谷地,则形成了湖泊水域→沼泽→沼泽化草甸→草甸→有林地（湖泊西部和南部）或湖泊水域→沼泽→沼泽化草甸→有林地（湖泊北部和西南部）的水平空间分布格局。（2）最大组合面积法是最适宜的栅格化方法。（3）15 m是景观格局分析的最佳空间粒度。（4）有林地是流域的景观主体,而且整个流域景观聚集程度很高,人为干扰少,景观破碎化程度极低,景观形状比较简单,流域生态环境保持了很好的自然状态。（5）采用最佳空间粒度15 m进行栅格化时,流域面积和斑块数都有少量增加。

英文摘要：

The horizontal spatial distribution pattern of patch types, vector converting method, optimal grain size, vector- raster data comparison and landscape pattern of the Betahai watershed were analyzed by using common landscape indices. Tools such as ERDAS, ArcMap, Fragstats 4. 0 and Excel were used to process the data. The re- suits showed that, （1） The Bitahai lake directly connected with forest land, forming a horizontal spatial distribu- tion pattern of lake water area→forest land → grass （northern lake ） and water area →forest land （southern lake） ; the Bitahai lake was surrounded by gentle valleys, forming a horizontal spatial distribution pattern of lake water area→marsh →marshy meadow→ meadow →forest land （western and southern lake） or the pattern of lake water area→ marsh →marshy meadow →forest land （northern and southwestern lake） ; （2） Maximum combina- tion area method was the most suitable method of grid. （3） 15 m was the optimal spatial grain size for landscape pattern analysis. （4） Forest land was the landscape subject of watershed, the aggregation degree of whole water- shed landscape was high with less human disturbance, low landscape fragmentation and simple landscape shape, the ecological environment maintained a good nature state. （5） Watershed area and patch numbers had a slight in- crease when rasterizing with the grain size of 15 m.