中文摘要：

河口海岸潮滩地形观测是研究潮滩冲淤和泥沙运动的基础,传统潮滩测量方法很难同时满足时空尺度与精度的要求。应用地面激光三维扫描系统（TLS）,成功获取长江口崇明东滩的地貌植被等数据。研究表明,该系统能大面积高精度获取潮滩植被、潮沟、光滩及沙纹等微地貌数据;支持在同一区域进行长时间重复的高精度观测,支持对不同时空尺度的潮滩整体地貌开展对比分析;在潮滩上测量的平面和垂向均方根误差分别为7.7cm和2.4cm。TLS将为河口海岸潮滩地貌观测及相关工程研究提供一个大面积、高效、高精度的新技术手段。

英文摘要：

To speculate about morphodynamic processes and sediment transport in the tidal flats,these geomorphic changes should be accurately specified over their full range of magnitudes and frequencies. However,data collected by traditional instruments are based on point-by-point measurements thus is not able to study the large-scaled flat processes. We conducted a survey using a Riegl terrestrial laser scanner（ TLS） in the Eastern Chongming tidal flat in the Yangtze Estuary in May 2012 and the following results are concluded. The TLS measurements not only capture the three-dimensional shapes of vegetation with different heights and tidal creeks with widths of 25 m and depths of 2 - 3m,but also small sand waves with wavelengths of 10 cm and heights of 1 - 2cm at the surface of tidal flat. The TLS provides a promising technology to quantify the changes of tidal flats and marshes by allowing prompt collection of geo-referenced,highly accurate topographic elevation. The comparison of TLS and GPS measurements in the study area shows a horizontal elevation Root Mean Squared Error within 7. 7cm and a vertical elevation within 2. 4cm. The results indicate that the TLS technology can provide an effective new way to measure morphodynamic processes in tidal flats and marshes.