中文摘要：

依据Freeze和Harlan的水文模型蓝图思想改进TOPMODEL,在模型构建过程中利用格子玻尔兹曼法（LBM）建立汇流过程的数值模型,采用达西公式数值模型求解饱和区土壤水运动方程,运用LBM法五速模型求解非饱和区理查兹运动方程,进而构建基于栅格的分布式LBMGTOPMODEL。模型的产流方法融合了蓄满产流理论和超渗产流理论,考虑了土壤水分剖面、土壤各向异性和地形坡度等对流域产流的影响;模型的汇流方法利用地貌水文学理论,寻求水文过程与流域地形地貌的相互作用及定量关系,此模型在汇流过程中将地貌因素与水动力扩散相结合以描述坡面水流运动,解决了坡面水流的流量分配问题。以中汤流域为对象进行水文模拟应用研究,验证得到确定性系数在0.547-0.883之间,平均值为0.725,结果良好,说明模型较为可靠。

英文摘要：

According to the blueprint idea which was presented by Freeze and Harlan,the TOPMODEL was improved by using Lattice Boltzmann method（ LBM）. The method of LBM was adopted to build a numerical model of watershed concentration which was used to solve the movement process of Richards in unsaturated regions. And the Darcy ＇s equation was used to set up a numerical model of soil water movement in saturation regions. Then a grid distributed model based on LBMGTOPMODEL was built. In the grid distributed model,the runoff processes was divided into precipitation module,evapotranspiration module, unsaturated water vertical movement module, slope concentration module, river / channel module,and statured soil water / unground water module. The stored-full runoff generation pattern and the runoff generation pattern over infiltration were integrated together with considering runoff yield from soil water profiles,soil anisotropy and land slope. The concentration method was taken into ideas from geomorphologic hydrology to find the quantity relationships between the hydrological process and catchment geomorphology. The slope water movement was described through the integration of geomorphology factors and hydrodynamic diffusion,which solved the distribution of water quantity of slope flow. The Zhongtang Basin was taken as the object to apply hydrological simulation. The results showed that the certainty factor was between 0. 547 - 0. 883 and the average value was 0. 725. This result could provide spatial distribution situation of water data for calculation of slope flow,channel flow and water movement in root area and unsaturated area.