中文摘要：

学习并且存储器不仅提供认知的基础，但是也是仔细与有关感觉并且马达功能。象 Alzheimer 鈥檚 疾病和 Parkinson 鈥檚 疾病那样的 Neurodegenerative 条件被赤字在 synaptic 功能和认知伴随到改变度。海马趾的 synaptic 传播的长期的 potentiation (LTP ) 的发现，作为在细胞的水平学习和记忆的一个古典模型被认出了，在过去的 20 年里在认知 enhancers 的发展刺激了实质的进步。进 LTP，许多混合物和生物学上活跃的物质的后面的集中的调查被发现了包括调整 presynaptic neurotransmitter 版本， postsynaptic N 甲基 D-aspartate (NMDA ) 受体活动， postsynaptic 信号 transduction 和基因抄写经由众多的分子的机制调制海马趾的 LTP。这评论为以后对待认知缺陷为新药的发展集中于调查的进步进 LTP，药 modulating LTP 和前景的贯穿的机制。

英文摘要：

Learning and memory not only provide the foundations of cognition, but are also closely related to sensory and motor function. Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer＇s disease and Parkinson＇s disease are accompanied by deficits in synaptic func- tion and cognition to varying degrees. The discovery of long-term potentiation （LTP） of hippocampal synaptic transmission, which has been recognized as a classical model of learning and memory at the cellular level, has spurred substantial progress in the development of cognitive enhancers in the past 20 years. Following intensive investigations into LTP, a variety of compounds and biologically active substances have been found to modulate hippocampal LTP via numerous molecular mechanisms including regulating presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic N-methyl D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor activity, postsynaptic signal transduction and gene transcription. This review focuses on the progress of investigations into the overarching mechanisms of LTP, the drugs modulating LTP and prospects for the development of new drugs for treating cognitive impairments in the future.