中文摘要：

这份报纸考虑在一般水准上估计界限的问题面对在一个中间的变量和反应变量之间的未被遵守的 confounders 在一个未被遵守的反应变量上控制了一个处理变量的直接效果(ACDE ) 。当反应变量被观察时，蔡，等(2008 ) 在 ACDE 上为锋利的界限导出公式。当反应变量是未被遵守的时，作者为选择反应变量假装在 ACDE 上为界限导出公式的变量建议一个图形的标准，它是 Kuroki (2005 ) 的结果的延期到 ACDE。结果使我们能不仅当反应变量是未被遵守的时，从图结构判定 ACDE 上的界限是否能通过观察变量被表示，而且当答案肯定时，提供他们的公式。

英文摘要：

This paper considers the problem of estimating the bounds on the average controlled direct effects （ACDEs） of a treatment variable on an unobserved response variable in the presence of unobserved confounders between an intermediate variable and the response variable. When the response variable is observed, Cai, et al.（2008） derived the formulas for the sharp bounds on the ACDEs. When the response variable is unobserved, the authors propose a graphical criterion for selecting variables affected by the response variable to derive the formulas for the bounds on the ACDEs, which is an extension of the result of Kuroki（2005） to ACDEs. The results enable us not only to judge from the graph structure whether the bounds on the ACDEs can be expressed through observed variables when the response variable is unobserved, but also to provide their formulas when the answer is affirmative.