中文摘要：

为了研究钢结构建筑物的磁场特征，基于相似性定律制作了典型钢结构建筑物的磁性物理缩比模型。并进行了磁场测量试验，分离出了缩比模型的感应和永久磁性的磁场特征。基于缩比模型试验数据，建立了基于磁矩量法的钢结构建筑物磁场特征数学模型，并分析了其衰减特性。一座边长12 m的立方体钢结构建筑物磁场特征评估分析表明，在建筑物一侧0～100 m的地面上，其磁场特征幅值从6400 nT迅速下降为0．005 nT，在建筑物周围100 m之外的区域产生的磁场已可忽略不计。本研究采用物理模型和数值模拟相结合的手段，实现了钢结构建筑物磁场特征的定量分析。该技术适用于磁测量设施周边建筑物干扰磁场的精确评估，具有较高实用价值。

英文摘要：

In order to research the magnetic signatures generated by the steel structure buildings, a ferromagnetic physical scale model based on a typical steel structure building was made on the basis of the law of similarity. In ad- dition, a measurement test was conducted at the magnetic fields, the magnetic signatures of the model＇s induced and permanent magnetizations were separated. Based on the test data of the scale model, a mathematical model of the steel structure building＇s magnetic signatures was established by applying the magnetic moment method, and the attenuation properties was analyzed. The evaluating results of the magnetic signatures generated by a cubic steel structure building with a side length 12 m showed that, on the ground 0 to 100 m away from one side of the build- ing, the amplitude of the magnetic signatures decreased from 6 400 nT to 0.005 nT rapidly, while the magnetic sig- natures beyond 100 m away from the buildings was negligible. By combining the physical model and the numerical simulation results, the research realized a quantitative analysis of the magnetic signatures of the steel structural building. The technique is applicable for accurate evaluation of the magnetic distributions from a building around a magnetic measurement facility and the practical value is quite high.