中文摘要：

为给植物生长调节剂的合理使用提供依据，在田间试验条件下，以小麦品种济南17和鲁麦21为试验材料，在小麦抽穗期喷施6-苄基腺嘌呤（6BA），开花期喷施脱落酸（ABA），研究其对小麦胚乳细胞增殖动态及淀粉积累、组分的影响。结果表明，喷施6BA能显著提高小麦籽粒的胚乳细胞数、胚乳细胞分裂中后期的增殖速率、粒重和淀粉积累量，且可降低小麦强势籽粒淀粉直／支比例，有利于淀粉品质的改善；但对弱势籽粒中的淀粉直／支比例没有显著的影响。喷施ABA能降低胚乳细胞分裂中后期的增殖速率，显著减少强势籽粒的胚乳细胞数，但对弱势籽粒的胚乳细胞数和粒重没有显著影响，对淀粉直／支比例的影响也不明显。2种外源激素处理都没有改变小麦籽粒的穗粒数和总淀粉含量，表明小麦粒重的变化可能主要是由胚乳细胞的增殖造成的。

英文摘要：

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of 6-benzyladenine （6BA） and abscisic acid （ABA） on endosperm cell division and starch accumulation in grains of winter wheat. In this study, two winter wheat cultivars, Jinan 17 and Lumai 21, were used in field trials in Shandong Agricultural University during growing season of 2005-2006. 6BA were sprayed at heading stage and ABA were sprayed at 4 days after anthesis, respectively. The experiment was a randomized block design with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that under 6BA spraying treat-ment, the endosperm cell number, proliferation rate at middle-late cell division period, grain weight and starch accumulation in grains were significantly increased. In addition, the ratio of amylose/amylopectin in superior grains was also reduced, which may be helpful for the improvement of starch quality; but 6BA had little effect on the ratio of amylose / amylopectin in inferior grains. The ABA treatment reduced the proliferation rate during middle and late period of cell division and significantly decreased endosperm cell number in superior grains;but had little effect on the endosperm cell number, grain weight and the ratio of amylose / amylopectin in inferior grains. Neither 6BA nor ABA spraying treatment changed the grains per spike and the total starch content in grain. These observa-tions suggesed that the proliferation of endosperm cell probably mainly contributed to the grain weight.