中文摘要：

在大数据时代，如何高效地处理海量数据以满足性能需求，是一个需要解决的重要问题．内存计算充分利用大容量内存进行数据处理，减少甚至避免I／O操作，因而极大地提高了海量数据处理的性能，同时也面临一系列有待解决的问题．首先，在分析内存计算技术特点的基础上对其进行了分类，并分别介绍了各类技术及系统的原理、研究现状及热点问题；其次，对内存计算的典型应用进行了分析；最后，从总体层面和应用层面对内存计算面临的挑战予以分析，并且对其发展前景做了展望．

英文摘要：

In the era of big data, systems need to process massive data efficiently to meet performance requirements of applications. In-memory computing technology can improve performance of massive data processing significantly by utilizing memory and avoid I/0 operations. However, the technology faces a series of challenges that need to be solved. This paper analyzes characteristics of in-memory computing technology, lays out its classification, and introduces principles, related works and hot topics of every category. In addition, several typical applications of in-memory technology are introduced. Finally, challenges and opportunities for in-memory computing are elaborated.