中文摘要：

采用超声波清洗技术对黑索今（RDX）清洗脱酸,并对其动力学特征进行了研究。以酸度为评价指标,通过单因素试验考察了超声作用时间、温度、超声频率、超声功率对RDX清洗脱酸清洗效果的影响,采用正交试验对超声辅助清洗RDX脱酸试验的工艺条件进行了优化,建立了超声辅助清洗RDX的脱酸动力学方程,计算得到相应的活化能。结果表明,各因素对RDX脱酸效果影响大小依次为：超声作用时间〉超声频率〉温度〉超声功率,最佳条件为超声时间70 min、温度35℃、超声频率40 k Hz、超声功率85%,脱酸过程表现为一级动力学反应,活化能为7.105 k J·mol-1,模型的拟合结果与试验数据吻合较好。超声处理不会改变RDX的分子结构和特征官能团。

英文摘要：

ZHANG Yao-xuan;CHEN Hou-he;HU Xiu-juan;College of Chemistry Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology; The washing process and deacidification kinetics for R DX were investigated using the ultrasonic technique.The effects of ultrasonic time,temperature,ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic power on the washing and deacidification for acidiferous RDX with acidity as the evaluation indicator by the single factor test were discussed.The conditions of ultrasound-assisted washing process were optimized by orthogonal experiment.The related dynamic model was deduced and the activation energy was obtained.Results reveal that,the influence order of four factors is ultrasonic time ultrasonic frequency temperature ultrasonic power,the optimum parameters are ultrasonic time of 70 min,temperature of 35 ℃,ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz,ultrasonic power of 85%.The deacidification process is in conformity with pseudofirst order kinetics,the activation energy is calculated as 7.105 kJ · mol^-1,and the results of model analysis are verified by the results of experiments.Ultrasonic treatment brought about no changes of the molecular structure and representative functional groups of RDX.