中文摘要：

【目的】为了系统了解中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana蜂王和雄蜂转录组特征,丰富蜜蜂转录组数据信息。【方法】本研究利用高通量测序的方法分别检测中华蜜蜂蜂王和雄蜂刚出房、性成熟时期以及性成熟期蜂王生殖系统和雄蜂生殖系统之间转录组表达差异。【结果】经过测序获得质量值不低于20的碱基比例（Q20）均高于90%;所有reads组装成90 839个unigenes,平均长度1 549 bp;基于5个数据库（NR,Swiss-Prot,GO,COG和KEGG）进行比对,共有45 112个unigenes被注释。差异基因表达分析发现,与刚出房时相比,性成熟的蜂王和雄蜂均在表皮蛋白、细胞色素P450、气味结合蛋白等家族基因上存在显著差异表达,而且这些差异表达基因与蜜蜂生长发育和性成熟过程中蜜蜂骨骼发育、生殖系统发育、嗅觉发育等方面有关;性成熟蜂王与性成熟雄蜂之间以及它们生殖系统之间在气味结合蛋白基因方面存在显著差异。【结论】结果表明,中华蜜蜂在性成熟过程中,体内大量基因的表达发生了变化。这些结果揭示了中华蜜蜂性成熟发育的整体基因表达特征,在得到大量转录组unigene序列的同时,获得了一批与蜜蜂性成熟有关的基因序列,为深入开展中华蜜蜂生长发育与繁殖研究提供了丰富的数据资源。

英文摘要：

【Aim】This study aims to understand the transcriptome characteristics of queens and drones of the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana cerana, and enrich the transcriptome data. 【Methods 】 The transcriptomes of queens and drones newly emerged and sexually matured were constructed and analyzed by RNA-seq. 【Results】The results showed that the proportion of nucleotides with quality value larger than 20 in reads（Q20） were more than 90% and all the reads were assembled into 90 839 uniques with a mean length of 1 549 bp. Based on sequence similarity search against five public databases（ NR,Swiss-Prot,GO,COG and KEGG）,a total number of 45 112 unigenes were annotated. Using these transcriptome data as the reference sequences,we found that the genes encoding cuticular proteins /apidermins,CYP and odorant binding proteins were differentially expressed between the sexually matured bees and the newly emerged bees which are related to the development of body,reproductive system and olfaction system. Meanwhile,the odorant binding protein genes were significantly differentially expressed between the sexually matured queens and drones as well as their reproductive system. 【Conclusion】The results indicated that the expression levels of a large number of genes changed during maturing of A. cerana cerana bees. This study made an insight into the characteristics of the development in adult queen and drone,and a lot of transcript sequences with important function were acquired for future gene expression or regulation research relative to the growth,development and reproduction in A. cerana cerana.