中文摘要：

甲烷的生物氧化包括好氧氧化和厌氧氧化两种,分别由好氧甲烷氧化菌和厌氧甲烷氧化菌完成.由于该过程是减少自然环境中温室气体甲烷排放的重要途径,越来越受到各国学者的重视.本文主要对当前甲烷氧化菌的研究现状进行了综述,对好氧甲烷氧化菌的种类、参与氧化甲烷的关键酶,厌氧甲烷氧化菌的种类、参与的微生物菌种以及氧化机理进行了论述,并对这两类微生物在温室气体减排、污染物治理、废水生物脱氮、硫及金属元素回收等方面的应用现状及前景进行了分析.

英文摘要：

Methanotrophs can oxidize methane,playing an important role in regulating methane emission,and gaining increasing attention by the researchers around the world.Two biological pathways are involved in methane oxidation,i.e.,anaerobic oxidation and aerobic oxidation,which are governed by anaerobic and aerobic methanotrophs,respectively.In this paper,the research advances about methanotrophs were summarized,with the focus on the phylogeny and taxonomy of methanotrophs,the key enzymes responsible for the aerobic oxidation of methane,the microorganisms involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane,and the mechanisms of microbial methane consumption.The application prospects of the two methane oxidizers in greenhouse gases removal,pollutants degradation,biological denitrification,and recovery of metals and sulfur compounds were also analyzed.