中文摘要：

研究了不同电解质（NaCl、CaCl2、KCl、K2SO4和 K2CrO4）对氧化铁纳米颗粒（Fe2O3NP）聚集作用的影响,并用聚集效率来衡量聚集作用变化,用DLVO理论对各因素的影响进行解释.实验表明：浓度和价态的升高会显著增强NP的聚集作用；阴离子对NP聚集作用的影响强于阳离子（以KCl为对照,K2SO4引起了比CaCl2更显著的变化）；K2CrO4的影响显著大于其他离子（0.5mmol/L的K2CrO4即可引起剧烈的聚集）.通过DLVO理论发现：离子在较低浓度增长或价态的上升,会同时降低ζ电位和双电层厚度以促进聚集作用；阴离子和K2CrO4较阳离子,会更显著地降低ζ电位,从而加速聚集作用；浓度在较高区间变化时ζ电位相对稳定,此时双电层的压缩是促进聚集作用的主要原因.

英文摘要：

Influences of electrolytes （NaCl, CaCl2, KCl, K2SO4 and K2CrO4） on the hematite nanoparticle （Fe2O3NP） aggregation were investigated. The attachment efficiency （α） was applied to assess the alternations of aggregation behavior, and the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek （DLVO） theory was utilized to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed changes. Results clearly showed that the aggregation behaviors were enhanced by electrolytes of higher valence and/or at higher concentration;anions exhibited greater effects on the aggregation of NPs than cations （e.g., K2SO4 had induced more significant aggregation than CaCl2 as comparing to KCl）;K2CrO4 could enhance the aggregation more significantly than other electrolytes （0.5 mmol/L of K2CrO4 could induce great aggregation）. Based on the DLVO theory, we suggested that increasing the concentration （within a relatively low range） and valence of electrolytes would promote the aggregation by decreasing the zeta potential （ζ） and the Debye length simultaneously;the greater impacts of anions and K2CrO4 on aggregation of NPs comparing to the cations were mainly induced by the dramaticall decrease ofζ;theζwould remain relatively steady within relatively high concentration ranges of electrolytes, whereas the reduction of Debye length would become the key factor in promoting aggregation behaviors.