中文摘要：

日光温室夏季休闲期间大水漫灌和高温闷棚是普遍的土壤处理措施,该过程灌水多、温度高,对氮素循环影响大.为了探明休闲期间土壤管理对氮素保持与损失的影响,通过田间试验揭示夏季休闲期间大水漫灌、高温闷棚对不同灌溉施肥模式（滴灌、漫灌）和不同有机物料还田处理（单施有机肥、有机肥配施小麦秸秆、有机肥配施玉米秸秆）土壤可溶性氮的影响.结果表明：作物收获后,滴灌和漫灌各处理平均w（矿质氮）分别为103.9和68.6 mg/kg,大水漫灌使滴灌0-30 cm土层w（矿质氮）显著降低30%,漫灌w（矿质氮）变化不大.日光温室夏季休闲期w（SON）（SON为可溶性有机氮）为16.3-69.1 mg/kg,SON相对含量为15%-48%.大水漫灌使滴灌和漫灌w（SON）分别显著增加2.9和2.5倍;高温闷棚使滴灌和漫灌w（SON）显著降低107.1和72.4 kg/hm2,降幅分别为41%和34%,同时w（矿质氮）分别显著增加117.9和126.7 kg/hm2,土壤氮素矿化速率分别为1.7和1.8 mg/（kg·d）.与单施有机肥相比,长期有机肥配施玉米或小麦秸秆可显著增加滴灌w（矿质氮）,但对w（SON）无影响.综上,休闲期间的土壤管理对土壤表层氮素含量的影响较大,其中大水漫灌容易造成滴灌残留氮素的大量损失,而随后的高温闷棚加速了SON的矿化.

英文摘要：

Closing a high-temperature plastic greenhouse after flood irrigation is widely used as an effective method of soil sterilization during summer fallow, and it may affect the nitrogen （ N） cycle in the soil. The goal of this study was to reveal the effects of soil sterilization measures on soil mineral N and soluble organic N （ SON ） after different long-term applications of organic materials, based on drip and flood irrigation modes. The results showed that the mineral N content during summer fallow was 103. 9 and 68. 6 mg/kg under drip and flood irrigation modes, respectively. The flood irrigation before closing the plastic greenhouse significantly decreased the mineral nitrogen content of the soil by 30% under drip irrigation mode, but had no effect on mineral nitrogen under flood irrigation mode. Thesoluble organic N content of the soil during summer fallow ranged from 16. 3-69. 1 mg/kg and accounted for 15% -48% of the total solublenitrogen. Flood irrigation increased the soluble organic N by factors of 2. 9 and 2. 5 under drip and flood irrigation modes, respectively. After the high-temperature plastic greenhouse was closed, soluble organic N significantly declined by 107. 1 kg/hm2 （41 % ） and 72. 4 kg/hm2 （34% ） , mineral N increased by 117.9 and 126. 7 kg/hm2 , and the net mineralization rate of soil nitrogen was 1. 7 and 1. 8 mg/（ kg· d） under the drip and flood irrigation fertilization modes, respectively. Compared with a single application of chicken manure, the combined application of chicken manure with maize or wheat straw significantly increased the mineral N under the drip fertilization mode ; however, the method had no effect on mineral N under the flood fertilizer mode. In gen era l, flood irrigation before closing the plastic greenhouse led to considerable mineral N loss under the drip irrigation mode, andclosing the high-temperature greenhouse accelerated the mineralization of SON.