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中文摘要：
通过对两汉时期长安与洛阳都城水旱灾害发生频率的统计，发现从西汉初年（公元前202年）至东汉末年（公元220年）的400多年里，水旱灾害发生频率具有如下明显的特点：（1）不论是长安还是洛阳地区，作为都城时期，水旱灾害的发生频率都远远高于其非都城时期；（2）对于长安或洛阳同一地区来说，水旱灾害的发生具有同步性，即同一个地区，水灾多的时期旱灾也多。根据分析，导致以上结果的主要原因是，由于都城人口增加，社会经济发展对于土地的需求量增大，城市建设向着靠近河流低地及易涝、易淹没地区扩展，遇到河流涨水就会成灾。另外，由于都城建设及人口增加，在都城及其周围，各种自然资源的开发利用和消耗大幅度的增长，对城市周边生态环境的干扰破坏也大大加重，造成生态环境迅速恶化，也是导致长安与洛阳地区在作为都城的时期水旱灾害频繁发生的重要因素。
英文摘要：
In terms of detailed statistics of drought and flood occurring in Chang＇an and Luoyan, the capital city in the West and East Han Dynasties, from the beginning of West Han Dynasty （202 B. C. ） to the end of East Han Dynasty （220 A. D. ）, it was revealed that in that period of more than 400 years, frequencies of drought and fllod obvi- ously showed the following characteristics. Firstly, according to historical records, no matter which of these two cit- ies, the occurrence of drought and flood were more frequent in capital period than non - capital period. Secondly, in the same area, Chang＇an or Luoyang, drought and flood occurred synchronously, i.e. drought and flood occurred frequently in the same periods. According to the analysis of this paper, the main reason causing the above - mentioned results was that in capital city, with the increase of population and the development of economy and society, the land demand increased dramatically. The cities construction had to develop toward the lowland areas near the river where faced flood more frequently, thus more flood occurred. Another reason was that the excessive exploitation of natural resources and human disturbance and damages caused quick degeneration of ecological environment of the capital city and it＇s surroundings, resulting in increased drought and flood there.
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