中文摘要：

在中国文化现代转型的历史进程中，面对痛苦的文化冲突和意义危机，鲁迅对以儒道两家为主导的中国传统文化进行了激烈的批判，但整个批判的重心还是落在对传统文化不适应现代文明的思考方面，其鲜明的思想认识特点是，不再是单纯地在传统文化的诸多概念和构架内去反复的论证，小心的推论，而是自觉地面对现代文化建设的整体构架，探究在转型中的现代文化全部的逻辑结构和历史进程，从中发掘出能够迅速改变落后的中国传统文化的机制，选择其所不拥有的新因子、新质料，以便在重新认识传统，改造传统当中，能够以新的面貌来创造“中国历史上未曾有过的第三样时代”。

英文摘要：

Confronting the pain of cultural conflict and meaning crisis in the process of the modem transformation of Chinese culture, Lu Xun had criticized traditional Chinese culture strongly. However, his criticism focused on the traditional culture＇ s failure in accommodating itself to modem civilization. Instead of arguing and reasoning within the conceptual frames of the traditional culture, he explored the logic structure and historical process of modem culture in transformation with sheer awareness of the whole frame of construct of modem culture, in order to quickly change the backward mechanism of Chinese traditional culture, to choose new factors and new materials so that a kind of new culture, the third age of the Chinese culture unprecedented in the history would come into being.