中文摘要：

外源性化学物质所引起的肾脏损害称为中毒性肾病或化学性肾损伤，其发病机制十分复杂，目前为止尚未完全阐明。现有的研究表明，其可能主要与氧化应激、炎症反应、凋亡或坏死、上皮间质化等过程相关。非编码RNA（non．coding RNAs，ncRNAs）是指不能翻译成蛋白质的一大类功能性RNA分子。近年来，以微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（10ngnon—codingRNA，lncRNA）为代表的ncRNA研究发现，其对基因表达和信号通路的转导具有非常重要的调控作用，并具有调节外源化合物代谢，影响外源性化合物的肝。肾毒性等功能。现主要围绕近几年非编码RNA在外源化学物致肾脏损伤相关研究中的研究成果，探讨药物、重金属、化学毒物致肾脏损伤过程中ncRNAs的表达差异，及ncRNA在调控化学性肾损伤相关信号通路中的作用机制，并且讨论它们在诊断和治疗过程中作为潜在标志物的前景。

英文摘要：

Abstaet： Toxic nephropathy is a kind of renal impairment caused by exogenous chemicals. Although the pathogenesis of toxic nephropathy is very complex and has not been fully elucidated, a large number of studies have revealed that the mechanism of toxic nephropathy is mainly related to the dysfunction of physiological signal transduction pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis/necrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and so on. Non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs） are a group of functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. A great number of studies found that ncRNAs including microRNA （miRNA） and long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） are involved in many cellular physiological and pathological processes in vivo. In this paper, we mainly focused on the research achievements of non-coding RNA in recent years which related to the studies of renal injury that induced by chemicals. At the same time, we also inquire into the differential expression of ncRNA in drug, heavy metal, chemical toxicant induced kidney injury, and the mechanism of ncRNA in the regulation of the signaling pathway of chemical induced renal injury. Their prospects of ncRNA as potential markers in the diagnosis and treatment process of related disease were also discussed. Key words： exogenous chemicals; toxic nephropathy; ncRNA; signaling pathway; biomarker