中文摘要：

以卡拉胶、聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠作为包埋剂,氯化钾、硼酸和氯化钙作为固定剂,将嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌（Acdithiobacillus thiooixidans,A.t）包埋制备成固定化小球。研究了不同固定化方法制备的A.t小球在硫磺粉存在下对低品位磷矿粉中磷的浸出效果,结果表明,固定化A.t能明显提高磷的浸出率,促进培养液pH降低。3种固定方法中,以海藻酸钠固定化浸出效果最好,培养第10d海藻酸钠固定A.t小球对磷矿粉中磷的浸出率是游离A.t浸出率的1.21倍。海藻酸钠固定化A.t浸出磷矿粉中磷的最佳工艺条件是：海藻酸钠质量分数3%（w/v）,氯化钙质量分数2%（w/v）,固定时间4h,包埋粒径1mm。

英文摘要：

Carrageenan,polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate were used as immobilized carrier and potassium chloride,boracic acid and calcium chloride as crosslinker respectively to immobilize Acdithiobacillus thiooixidans（A.t）.The bioleaching of soluble phosphorus from low grade phosphate rock by different immobilized A.t was studied.Results show that the immobilization of A.t could increase the phosphorus leaching rate and reduce the broth pH.The immobilized A.t by sodium alginate has the biggest phosphorus leaching rate among the immobilized A.t by different carrier.It is 1.21 times of the phosphorus leaching rate between sodium alginate immobilized and free A.t after 10 days of culture.The optimal conditions of bioleaching phosphorus from RP by sodium alginate immobilized A.t are sodium alginate mass concentration being 3.0%,calcium chloride mass concentration 2.0%,immobilization time 4 hand particle diameter 1 mm.