中文摘要：

如何比较全面、准确地观测和分析光学系统的几何像差一直是光学以及光学设计领域中的一个重大问题．本文提出了一种观测和分析光学系统像差的新方法——基于小孔光阑的CCD过饱和分析方法，以激光为照明光源采用开放式的光路搭建，利用定标孔阑划分波带并结合CCD过饱和的分析手段．该方法具有原理易懂、操作简单、图样信息丰富、现象明显直观、成本低廉等优点，不仅为分析和观测光学系统的几何像差提供方便，同时也为光学系统的相关研究提供借鉴．

英文摘要：

It is a major problem to observe and analyze the geometrical aberrations of optical systems comprehensively and accurately in the fields of optics and optical design. A novel method of observing and analyzing the optical system aberrations,CCD supersaturated analysis method based on pinhole diaphragm,is proposed. In addition to the laser light source in the open optical path,the analyzing pattern with CCD supersaturated effect and zone dividing by calibration aperture are used in this method. With easy to understand and operate,abundant pattern information, obvious pattern phenomenon and low cost, the method not only facilitates the analysis and observation of geometric aberrations of optical systems but also sheds important light on the corresponding research of optical systems.