中文摘要：

毫米波测云雷达是中国自主研制的一部双线偏振全相干8.6mm波长的测云雷达。本文在介绍该雷达系统的参数和技术特点的同时;重点阐述了厂家用外接仪表对该雷达天线系统、发射机系统以及接收机系统等硬件参数进行测试的方法,检验了雷达回波功率动态范围的定标和测量参数的定标结果;并从理论计算、配合试验区域内另外两部10cm波长的天气业务雷达实际探测的资料进行对比,这从另一个方面对毫米波测云雷达的探测能力进行了研究。得出以下结论：（1）毫米波测云雷达的标定精度基本满足使用要求。（2）该雷达在引入脉冲压缩技术的同时,使用了全相干积累方法,在距离雷达10km处能探测到粒子的最小强度为-40dBz;此外,该雷达还具有多普勒功能和单发双收的偏振功能,可以获得多普勒谱和退偏振因子参量。（3）毫米波测云雷达回波信号强度的定标与SA雷达回波强度的定标基本一致,但是在具体观测不同云和降水时各有千秋,主要表现在：对于非降水云以及弱降水云,毫米波测云雷达的探测能力高于业务雷达,尤其表现在对远距离的弱回波探测;而对于较强的降水天气系统,毫米波测云雷达受衰减影响相对于业务雷达较大。因此,毫米波测云雷达在研究云和降水的整体过程和变化时需要考虑和其他的雷达或者相关设备相互配合,根据需要从不同的角度各自发挥作用。

英文摘要：

An 8.6 mm wave-length cloud radar with Doppler and polarization capabilities in China is introduced,including its design, parameters,calibrations and applications in measuring clouds.This study is threefold：to expatiate on the method how to test hardware parameters of the transmitter and the receiver with external instruments,to test the calibration and results of the dynamic range about the radar echo power,and to research the capability of the millimeter-wavelength cloud radar in observations via both theoretical computation and comparative study of practical data with the other two SA weather radars（10 cm wave-length）in the field experiment.The main conclusions to be drawn from this paper are the following：（1）the precision of the radar parameters can generally satisfy observing and researching needs;（2）some technologies such as the coherence accumulation and the pulsating compression are applied to this radar, which enables its minimum detectable echo intensity at 10 km away from radar to arrive at about-40 dBz;（3）the echo intensity calibration of the millimeter-wavelength cloud radar is almost in agreement with that of the SA radar,though either one has its respective advantages and shortcomings.For example,the millimeter-wavelength cloud radar has higher sensitivity than SA radar does for the non-or-weak precipitating cloud,and the SA radar has less attenuation than the millimeter-wavelength cloud radar for the severe precipitating cloud or the cloud with high water content.Hence,in many cases,we need to first make decision whether we should use cloud radar only or should combine other equipments as well.