中文摘要：

磁性金属纳米颗粒在高密度磁存储、催化和生物医学等领域具有重要的应用,引起了科研工作者的广泛兴趣。软磁-硬磁双相交换耦合金属纳米颗粒结合了软磁相材料高饱和磁化强度和硬磁相材料高矫顽力,显著增强了磁能积,为设计和制备新一代高性能新型永磁材料提供了方法。相比于物理法,化学法能够实现磁性纳米颗粒尺寸和形状的精确控制,并通过调控组成和形貌改善其磁学性能,因此成为制备磁性纳米颗粒的常用方法。介绍了单相铁、钴、镍及其合金金属纳米颗粒、稀土永磁纳米材料等的化学制备,并阐述了交换耦合原理及耦合磁体研究的最新进展。

英文摘要：

Magnetic metal nanoparticles have important applications in high density magnetic storage,catalysis and biomedicine,attracting great research interest.In addition,exchange-coupled nanocomposites which combine the high saturation magnetization of a soft phase with the high coercivity of a hard phase,could obtain the magnetic materials with enhanced energy products,providing apossibility for the design and preparation of new generation of permanent magnetic materials.Compared with physical methods,chemical synthesis possesses characteristic flexibilities on materials design,sizes and morphologies,and further affect magnetic properties of the materials,becoming the common methods of preparation for nanoparticles.This review introduces some representative works on the single-phase iron,cobalt,nickel and its alloy metal nanoparticles and rare-earth magnet nanomaterial and their exchange-coupled nanocomposites,as well as explaining the exchange-coupling principles.