中文摘要：

儒家经典文本的解释系统在汉以后逐渐形成，不同时期注家关注的内容大相径庭。以《论语》为例，汉唐时期注家多重视字词训诂，宋明儒者更重视义理解经。现通行版《论语》结尾的章句是：“孔子曰：‘不知命，无以为君子也；不知礼，无以立也；不知言，无以知人也。’”历代儒者对“三知”章有不同的态度。汉唐儒者解释章句的字词，以疏通文意。宋明儒者注意到“三知”章的特殊位置，并就此展开讨论：以朱子为代表的多数理学家持“末章深意说”，认为作为全书终章的“三知”章有特殊价值。陈天祥等少数学者则持相反意见，认为“三知”章不是初传本《论语》的终章，其中并无圣人微旨。随着朱子学说影响范围扩大，更多人接受了“末章深意说”，并把知命、知礼、知言当作为学修身的重要内容。

英文摘要：

The system of classic Confucianism interpretation has been gradually constructed after Han dynasty with diverse versions annotated by scholars at different times. Considering the annotations of The Analects of Confucius, annotators in Han and Tang dynasty focused mainly on word explanation rather than principal ideas which are of much consideration in the minds of Confucians in Song and Ming dynasty. The last ordinance in the Analects is that ＂Master Kong said, ＇ One who does not under- stand the mandate of Heaven cannot be a gentleman;one who does not understand li cannot stand in a society;one who does not understand the true meaning of people＇s word cannot understand people. ＇＂ Confucians in different stages have various attitudes to this ordinance. In order to understand the con- tents,Confucians in Han and Tang explained the meanings of words in each sentences. Noticing the special position of ordinance mentioned above, which is at the end of the document, scholars in Song dynasty started an extensive discussion. Zhuxi, as one of representative of philosophers, held the view that there are profound meanings in the last chapter, especially in the last ordinance of chapter ＂ Yao Yue＂. However,a small number of scholars, such as Tianxiang Chen,believe that this ordinance isn＇t the end of the document origin version and no significance should be placed there at all. As the impact of Zhuxi＇s idea expanded,more people accept his view and set understanding Heaven, Li and the true meaning of people＇s words as principles in the cultivation of their moral character.