中文摘要：

乡村治理结构是随着国家发展战略目标的调整而不断演变和优化的,孤立静止地看待中国近代以来的乡村治理结构是不科学的。只有尊重传统小农贫困且分散的特点,认清解放初期计划经济环境下优先发展军事重工业的历史,努力消除城乡二元制度下的种种不公,才能构建更加公平和谐的公民社会。为此,文章在系统分析中国近代以来不同时期乡村治理结构的成因、特点和规律的基础上,提出了促进农业和农村发展,构建和谐社会的建议。

英文摘要：

Rural governing structure changes with the strategic objective of the state＇s development.It is unrealistic to analyze the rural governing structure independently.It is suggested to respect the economic poverty and scattered residence features of traditional small farmers,explore the reasons of the priority on military and heavy industries in the initial developing stage of New China.This will facilitate the ＂Rural-Urban inequality＂ and to build the citizen society.Based on the analyze of the reasons,characteristics and rules of rural governing structure in modern China,this paper proposes some suggestions on promoting agricultural and rural development,so as to promote to build a harmonious society.