中文摘要：

近年来产前诊断不断发展，胎儿脊柱裂的筛查指标及方案也在不断更新，脊柱裂的检出率越来越高，但由于产前对脊柱裂的分类尚存在争议，也引发了一系列医疗纠纷。本文综合临床特征与超声表现，明确指出可供产前诊断参考的胎儿脊柱裂的定义与分类，从胚胎发育学角度阐述该畸形的发生发展，总结了一系列具有实用价值的脊柱裂产前诊断与鉴别诊断方法，旨在为产前明确诊断、开展宫内治疗提供参考依据。

英文摘要：

Recently, with the development of prenatal diagnosis, the screening index and plan for fetal spina bifida was updated ceaselessly, resulting in a high detection rate of spina bifida. However, a precise prenatal classification of spina bifida was controversial, then a series of medical disputes happened. In this text, the clinical features and ultrasonographic manifestations were integrated, and the definition and classification of spina bifida were expliditly shown which can be used in prenatal diagnosis. We explained the deformity from embryonic development, and summarized a series of methods which is valuable for prenatal and differential diagnosis of spina bifida, to provide referential basis for prenatal diagnosis and treatment in uterine.