中文摘要：

元素周期表中与氢同族或相近的轻金属元素（Li、Be、Na、Mg、Al）及其合金具有中子吸收截面小，感应放射能小等核学性能优点，可做为核裂变、聚变反应堆中包壳、慢化剂、中子源、冷却剂、氚增殖等部件材料，本文对这些轻金属材料在核领域中的应用进行概述。

英文摘要：

Light metal elements （Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al） close to hydrogen and their alloys can be used as cladding, moderator, neutron source, coolants, tritium breeding and other components in nuclear fission or fusion reactor owing to their advantages of small neutron absorption cross section and induced radioactivity. This paper summarizes the applications of these light metals in nuclear field.