中文摘要：

近年来,由于冰冻灾害的发生,电力系统的安全运行受到了巨大的威胁,对绝缘子表面进行改性是目前较为合理的解决方案。室温硫化硅橡胶（room temperature vulcanization,RTV）具有优异的憎水性,但是对阻止绝缘子或者减缓表面覆冰的增长并没有太明显的效果。在室温硫化硅橡胶中添加一定含量的导电填料,制备半导电硅橡胶材料,涂覆于绝缘子表面后,运行过程中绝缘子表面产生热效应,可以减缓乃至防止覆冰的增长。为此,对以炭黑为填料的半导电硅橡胶的导电机理进行了分析,建立了具有半导电硅橡胶涂层的绝缘子电阻模型,通过计算得到合适的体积电阻率。同时,在人工气候室中进行了电热性能测试,分析了涂层泄漏电流与表面温度的关系。理论分析和试验结果表明,由于洁净绝缘子和RTV涂层绝缘子具有较高的表面电阻,在运行中表面温度基本无变化;通过在绝缘子表面涂覆电阻率为104Ω.m的半导电硅橡胶后,运行中绝缘子表面有明显的温升。特别是在低温条件下,添加了一定含量炭黑的半导电硅橡胶涂层能够明显提升运行中的绝缘子表面温度,利于在低温条件下防止绝缘子表面覆冰的增长。

英文摘要：

As a result of the influence of the freezing weather recent nears,the safe operation of the power system was under huge threat.Though room temperature vulcanization（RTV） has excellent properties of hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity transfer,it has little effect on stopping or slowing down the ice accretion on insulators.By adding some conductive filler into RTV,RTV silicone rubber will be changed into a semiconducting material with the property of partially conducting.The ice accretion will be reduced due to the temperature rising when it is applied on the surface of insulators.We analyzed the conductive mechanism of this material with carbon black filler,and established a resistance model to explain the heat effect of insulators with semiconducting silicone rubber（SIR）.Moreover,we experimentally investigated the heat effect of semiconducting SIR completely coated on insulators under temperature of 25°C and-5°C in a climate room,respectively.The model and results show that adding a certain proportion of carbon black the semiconducting SIR can significantly improve the surface temperature while the temperature rise of the insulator without or with RTV coating is not obvious during operation.A remarkable heat effect with semiconducting SIR is obtained when the volume resistivity is about 104 Ω·m.Especially,the semiconducting SIR applied on insulators can be in favor of preventing ice accretion on insulators under freezing condition.