中文摘要：

地震是一种对高速铁路行车安全危害极大的自然灾害，为了减轻地震对高速铁路造成的灾害，建设高速铁路地震监测与预警系统是一项行之有效的手段。详细介绍了较为成熟的日本新干线地震监测与预警系统的发展历史、系统组成、紧急处置流程、报警方式、震源参数与紧急处置范围的确定方法，以及该系统在2011年3月11日东日本大地震中的紧急处置过程，旨在为中国高速铁路地震监测与预警系统的研究与建设提供参考和借鉴。

英文摘要：

Earthquake is a kind of natural disaster which has greatest threat to high - speed railway operation. Earthquake monitoring and early warning system is one of the effective ways to mitigate earthquake hazards for high - speed railway. This paper summarizes the development history, composition and emergency processing, type of a- larm and the determination method for the source parameters and the warning area potentially subject to damage of the earthquake monitoring and early warning system for the high-speed railway （Shinkansen） in Japan that has been developed sophisticatedly, and presents the case of the 2011 Tonihon earthquake, so as to give necessary back- ground and a reference to the research and construction of earthquake monitoring and early warning system for the high -speed railway in China.